意面问题破解了

意面问题破解了 0:44
最新发布时间: 2018-11-26
分享到:

 An intrepid undergrad led the way to understanding the physics of snapping strands of spaghetti.

一个勇于探索的大学生,开辟了一条解意面断裂原理的新思路。

 

播音撰文:卡伦·霍普金(Karen Hopkin

翻译:陈美娟

 

Physicists concern themselves with problems that are profound. The origins of the universe, the nature of time, the composition of matter. And then, there’s spaghetti. A pasta problem has perplexed physicists as celebrated as Richard Feynman, and has even been awarded an Ig Nobel prize. At issue:

物理学家一般会关注深刻的命题。例如宇宙的起源,时间的本质,物质的构成,以及,意面!“意面问题”困住了一群像理查德·费曼(Richard Feynman)一样的著的名物理学家,该领域的研究成果甚至被评过搞笑诺贝尔奖(IgNoble Price)。

“Why spaghetti doesn’t break into two pieces. Why it breaks into three pieces or more.”

“为什么一根意面不能断成两段。为什么它只能断成三段以上。”

Ronald Heisser, now a grad student at Cornell, decided to explore the misbehavior of spaghetti for an undergraduate math course he took at MIT.

罗纳德·海瑟Ronald Heisser现在是康奈尔大学的一名研究生,他在麻省理工大学的一次本科数学上并决定研究意面这种“不听话”的表现。

Now, you may never have noticed it, but it’s nearly impossible to break a single, dry piece of spaghetti in half. Feynman allegedly noodled with the puzzle. And Heisser became similarly possessed.

你可能永远不会注意到这个现象,不过想要把一根干意面条折成一半几乎是不可能的。据说费曼一直纠结着这个谜,而海瑟也经历过相似的过程。

“I’m a little bit of a contrarian person. So I thought it would be fun to try and break it into two. ‘Cause no one said you couldn’t do that. They just said why it doesn’t break into two.”

“我是一个有点叛逆的人。我想,试着把面条折成两段会很好玩。因为没人说过你不能把意面折成两段。他们只是说为什么意面折不成两段。”

In fact, the French researchers who were awarded the Ig Nobel prize in 2006 found that when spaghetti is bent evenly from both ends it will crack near the center, where the stick is most curved. But this initial break sets up a vibrational wave that quickly fractures the rod further. So you get multiple fragments.

事实上,2006年获得“搞笑诺贝尔奖”的法国研究者发现,将意面从距离两端点相同的位置弯折的时候裂口离中心很近,此处面条达到最弯。但是折断之后引发的振动波迅速让断裂加剧。这就是最后你得到不止两截面条的原因。

What Heisser wondered was whether he could somehow get around this vibrational “snapback” effect. And he found you have to do the twist. Heisser built a device for torquing his pasta with precision and he observed the resulting fragmentation with a high-speed camera. He discovered that introducing a twist of around 360 degrees to the long strand allowed him to produce the desired single pair of pasta pieces.

海瑟想知道他是否能设法绕开这种震动“反弹”效应。而他发现必须要制造扭曲的状态才可以。海瑟制造了一个装置用来精确地扭转他的意大利面,并用高速摄影机观察由此产生的碎片。他发现当一长条意面扭转到360度时就能制造出他想要的单对意面段。

That’s where Vishal Patil, a grad student in mathematics at MIT, comes in:

这就是另一个麻省理工数学专业研究生维萨尔·帕蒂尔Vishal Patil加入的原因:

“So I first heard about this spaghetti problem from coauthors Ronald Heisser and Professor Jörn Dunkel when I first arrived at MIT…and after hearing about this problem, I became interested in developing mathematical models for the fracture of this elastic rod. And in particular, to see if using this model you could find out ways to control the fracture in the rod.”

“当我来到麻省第一次从合著者罗纳德·海瑟和约翰恩·邓克尔(Jörn Dunkel)教授那里听说这个意面问题的时候,我就对建造这种有弹性面条折断时的数学模型非常感兴趣,尤其是想利用这种模型找到控制折断它的方法。

Controlling fractures is a big issue in materials science and could have applications in everything from the design of highways and bridges to the engineering of nanotubes.

在材料科学上,控制折断反应是一个大的课题,它有从高速公路设计到纳米管的各类工程上的广泛应用。

Patil’s modeling showed that twisting the spaghetti dampens the snapback effect. That’s because once the twisted stick is broken, it will try to unwind. This rapid unwinding creates a “twisting wave” that basically blocks the vibrational snapback wave, leaving the spaghetti in two clean pieces. The work is served up in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. [Ronald H. Heisser et al., Controlling fracture cascades through twisting and quenching]

帕蒂尔的模型显示,扭转意面能抑制回弹反应。这是因为一旦被扭转的面条破裂,它就会舒展开。这种迅速的舒展反应制造了能阻断振动回弹波的“扭转波”,因此让意面利落地断成两截。这项研究发表在《国家科学学报》上。

VP: “Although the project was a bit of fun I think it’s quite nice when you can find interesting physics and maths lurking behind everyday, mundane objects.”

维萨尔·帕蒂尔说:“尽管这个研究项目听着有点不正经,我觉得能从每天的日常生活中发现隐藏的物理和数学现象还是很棒的。”

专辑里的声音
https://cdstm-resources-bucket.oss.cn-north-4.inspurcloudoss.com/h5/mp3/WorldLargestOrganismFaces.mp3世上最大有机体与它变秃的未来
https://cdstm-resources-bucket.oss.cn-north-4.inspurcloudoss.com/h5/mp3/Solareclipsebooste.mp32017年的日全食激发了大众的科学热情
https://cdstm-resources-bucket.oss.cn-north-4.inspurcloudoss.com/h5/mp3/WildSongbirdsTunes.mp3野生鸣禽能学习新曲调
https://cdstm-resources-bucket.oss.cn-north-4.inspurcloudoss.com/h5/mp3/SmartMetersSpeedShowers.mp3智能电表助人缩短洗澡时间
https://cdstm-resources-bucket.oss.cn-north-4.inspurcloudoss.com/h5/mp3/RainsMicrobialMassacre.mp3降雨屠杀了智利沙漠里的微生物
https://cdstm-resources-bucket.oss.cn-north-4.inspurcloudoss.com/h5/mp3/USImmigrantsLeaveCountry.mp3把微生物留在了祖国的美国移民
https://cdstm-resources-bucket.oss.cn-north-4.inspurcloudoss.com/h5/mp3/SocialConstructRace.mp3种族的社会概念是有生物学影响的
https://cdstm-resources-bucket.oss.cn-north-4.inspurcloudoss.com/h5/mp3/ConsensualHugsStress.mp3两厢情愿的拥抱可以缓解压力
https://cdstm-resources-bucket.oss.cn-north-4.inspurcloudoss.com/h5/mp3/DolphinsDumbDown.mp3海豚简化语言以适应船舶噪音
https://cdstm-resources-bucket.oss.cn-north-4.inspurcloudoss.com/h5/mp3/marsmissioncleanlanding.mp3洞察号成功登陆火星
https://cdstm-resources-bucket.oss.cn-north-4.inspurcloudoss.com/h5/mp3/BabiesChimpsShareLaugh.mp3婴儿和黑猩猩一样笑
https://cdstm-resources-bucket.oss.cn-north-4.inspurcloudoss.com/h5/mp3/BetterDataBetterDating.mp3信息帮助约会
https://cdstm-resources-bucket.oss.cn-north-4.inspurcloudoss.com/h5/mp3/SolarEclipseBuzzkill.mp3日全食让蜜蜂沉默
https://cdstm-resources-bucket.oss.cn-north-4.inspurcloudoss.com/h5/mp3/PandasSwoon.mp3痴情的大熊猫会发出特定叫声
https://cdstm-resources-bucket.oss.cn-north-4.inspurcloudoss.com/h5/mp3/NicePeopleEmptierWallets.mp3拒绝当“好好先生”,否则你可能“口袋空空”!
https://cdstm-resources-bucket.oss.cn-north-4.inspurcloudoss.com/h5/mp3/FirstBenefitKnowingGenome.mp3了解自身基因组信息的最大好处
https://cdstm-resources-bucket.oss.cn-north-4.inspurcloudoss.com/h5/mp3/HalloweenChocolateMidge.mp3为可可树授粉的小飞虫
https://cdstm-resources-bucket.oss.cn-north-4.inspurcloudoss.com/h5/mp3/AsocialOctopusesMDMA.mp3章鱼对摇头丸的反应与人类类似
https://cdstm-resources-bucket.oss.cn-north-4.inspurcloudoss.com/h5/mp3/EconomicsNobelClimateAction.mp3诺贝尔经济学奖强调气候行动的必要性
https://cdstm-resources-bucket.oss.cn-north-4.inspurcloudoss.com/h5/mp3/AncientClanWar.mp3古代宗族斗争可解释基因多样性骤减
https://cdstm-resources-bucket.oss.cn-north-4.inspurcloudoss.com/h5/mp3/NobelHelpingImmune.mp3帮助免疫系统对抗癌症获诺贝尔奖
https://cdstm-resources-bucket.oss.cn-north-4.inspurcloudoss.com/h5/mp3/NobelLaserLight.mp3诺贝尔物理学奖颁给了控制激光技术
https://cdstm-resources-bucket.oss.cn-north-4.inspurcloudoss.com/h5/mp3/RobotBartender.mp3机器人招待将会为你点单
https://cdstm-resources-bucket.oss.cn-north-4.inspurcloudoss.com/h5/mp3/DiverseTreePortfolio.mp3多元树种组合抗干旱效果更佳
https://cdstm-resources-bucket.oss.cn-north-4.inspurcloudoss.com/h5/mp3/HealthCareNeandertals.mp3医疗保健让尼安德特人发挥出捕食者的能力
https://cdstm-resources-bucket.oss.cn-north-4.inspurcloudoss.com/h5/mp3/AntifreezeFightsIce.mp3以冰制冰的防冻剂
https://cdstm-resources-bucket.oss.cn-north-4.inspurcloudoss.com/h5/mp3/SpringArrivesEarlier.mp3提前入春,北极鹅加速迁移
https://cdstm-resources-bucket.oss.cn-north-4.inspurcloudoss.com/h5/mp3/ConfidentTone.mp3自信的语调可以克服口音带来的不信任感
https://cdstm-resources-bucket.oss.cn-north-4.inspurcloudoss.com/h5/mp3/SurveyWildlifeIndoors.mp3调查“家中”的野生动物
https://cdstm-resources-bucket.oss.cn-north-4.inspurcloudoss.com/h5/mp3/NeutronStarsCollide.mp3当中子星发生碰撞
https://cdstm-resources-bucket.oss.cn-north-4.inspurcloudoss.com/h5/mp3/ScienceNewsMissed.mp3那些你可能错过的科学新闻
https://cdstm-resources-bucket.oss.cn-north-4.inspurcloudoss.com/h5/mp3/ScanningAncientCivilizations.mp3从空中俯瞰古代文明
https://cdstm-resources-bucket.oss.cn-north-4.inspurcloudoss.com/h5/mp3/PineappleWaste.mp3海獭的爪可以敏锐感知猎物
https://cdstm-resources-bucket.oss.cn-north-4.inspurcloudoss.com/h5/mp3/ScaleMeasureMedicine.mp3量具可以衡量药品,还能弹奏音阶
https://cdstm-resources-bucket.oss.cn-north-4.inspurcloudoss.com/h5/mp3/RisingCO2MonarchButterfly.mp3二氧化碳上升加重帝王蝶“胃痛”
https://cdstm-resources-bucket.oss.cn-north-4.inspurcloudoss.com/h5/mp3/PiratesNeededScience.mp3海盗也要学科学
https://cdstm-resources-bucket.oss.cn-north-4.inspurcloudoss.com/h5/mp3/PastaProblemCracked.mp3意面问题破解了
https://cdstm-resources-bucket.oss.cn-north-4.inspurcloudoss.com/h5/mp3/MicrobesMetroCommute.mp3早晨微生物与你乘地铁同行
https://cdstm-resources-bucket.oss.cn-north-4.inspurcloudoss.com/h5/mp3/PineappleWaste.mp3不再让菠萝渣成为垃圾
https://cdstm-resources-bucket.oss.cn-north-4.inspurcloudoss.com/h5/mp3/HurricaneNaturalSelection.mp3飓风:一个自然选择的实验
https://cdstm-resources-bucket.oss.cn-north-4.inspurcloudoss.com/h5/mp3/GeneticTweakLegUp.mp3基因突变让早期人类获得了优势
https://cdstm-resources-bucket.oss.cn-north-4.inspurcloudoss.com/h5/mp3/FreeloadingAnts.mp3旁观的蚂蚁也能帮助工作流程
https://cdstm-resources-bucket.oss.cn-north-4.inspurcloudoss.com/h5/mp3/EarlierSpringsMigrat.mp3提前到来的春天可能意味着鸟类错误时间的迁徙
https://cdstm-resources-bucket.oss.cn-north-4.inspurcloudoss.com/h5/mp3/AncientAmericansScarletMacaws.mp3古代美洲人养殖具有重要象征意义的猩红色金刚鹦鹉
https://cdstm-resources-bucket.oss.cn-north-4.inspurcloudoss.com/h5/mp3/CornGrabsFertilizer.mp3一种玉米品种从空中捕捉肥料
https://cdstm-resources-bucket.oss.cn-north-4.inspurcloudoss.com/h5/mp3/BonnetheadSharks.mp3窄头双髻鲨是水下割草机
https://cdstm-resources-bucket.oss.cn-north-4.inspurcloudoss.com/h5/mp3/180102NewYear.mp3你的太空步数总计:五亿八千万米
https://cdstm-resources-bucket.oss.cn-north-4.inspurcloudoss.com/h5/mp3/180110Exoplanets.mp3你生活在一个奇怪的太阳系
https://cdstm-resources-bucket.oss.cn-north-4.inspurcloudoss.com/h5/mp3/TurnWallTouchScreen.mp3一起把墙改造成实用触摸屏
https://cdstm-resources-bucket.oss.cn-north-4.inspurcloudoss.com/h5/mp3/ToEvolveBaleen.mp3想要进化成须鲸,先脱落你的牙齿
https://cdstm-resources-bucket.oss.cn-north-4.inspurcloudoss.com/h5/mp3/171220LoudFish.mp3发出破坏性声音的鱼
https://cdstm-resources-bucket.oss.cn-north-4.inspurcloudoss.com/h5/mp3/171208CoquiFrogs.mp3入侵蛙不会影响夏威夷的鸟类
https://cdstm-resources-bucket.oss.cn-north-4.inspurcloudoss.com/h5/mp3/171212DietaryGuidelines.mp3营养指南对地球也有利
https://cdstm-resources-bucket.oss.cn-north-4.inspurcloudoss.com/h5/mp3/171223RainPain.mp3疼痛和天气并不相关
https://cdstm-resources-bucket.oss.cn-north-4.inspurcloudoss.com/h5/mp3/SeaLevelRiseInternet.mp3海平面上升将导致互联网崩溃
https://cdstm-resources-bucket.oss.cn-north-4.inspurcloudoss.com/h5/mp3/171213DolphinClicks.mp3海豚能用回声定位
https://cdstm-resources-bucket.oss.cn-north-4.inspurcloudoss.com/h5/mp3/SomeCrowsCompanions.mp3有些乌鸦会“勾引”已故的同类
https://cdstm-resources-bucket.oss.cn-north-4.inspurcloudoss.com/h5/mp3/171214SupermarketSnacks.mp3试吃,也是种营销手段
https://cdstm-resources-bucket.oss.cn-north-4.inspurcloudoss.com/h5/mp3/180109GlowStickScience.mp3发光棒帮助生态学家研究两栖动物
https://cdstm-resources-bucket.oss.cn-north-4.inspurcloudoss.com/h5/mp3/171222SolarSites.mp3为太阳能板找到更多安置点
https://cdstm-resources-bucket.oss.cn-north-4.inspurcloudoss.com/h5/mp3/171229FinchSinging.mp3雀类歌唱,并非仅由基因决定
https://cdstm-resources-bucket.oss.cn-north-4.inspurcloudoss.com/h5/mp3/171215DarkFiber.mp3暗光纤网络有助于勘测地震活动
https://cdstm-resources-bucket.oss.cn-north-4.inspurcloudoss.com/h5/mp3/171228BatDialects.mp3蝙蝠宝宝可以学习不同的方言
https://cdstm-resources-bucket.oss.cn-north-4.inspurcloudoss.com/h5/mp3/BirdsLearnSafety.mp3鸟类共享预警信号
https://cdstm-resources-bucket.oss.cn-north-4.inspurcloudoss.com/h5/mp3/180103SpaceCommand.mp3限制太空发展的三大问题
https://cdstm-resources-bucket.oss.cn-north-4.inspurcloudoss.com/h5/mp3/171209WomensArms.mp3史前女人的坚实臂膀
https://cdstm-resources-bucket.oss.cn-north-4.inspurcloudoss.com/h5/mp3/SharksSplashBrooklyn.mp3鲨鱼在布鲁克林引起轰动
https://cdstm-resources-bucket.oss.cn-north-4.inspurcloudoss.com/h5/mp3/PrimateConflictsPlayOut.mp3在手术室模拟灵长类动物中的冲突
https://cdstm-resources-bucket.oss.cn-north-4.inspurcloudoss.com/h5/mp3/PrezIssuesCall.mp3美国医学协会主席倡议将科学与武器结合
https://cdstm-resources-bucket.oss.cn-north-4.inspurcloudoss.com/h5/mp3/PeopleRationRoam.mp3大多数人一生只会常去25个地方
https://cdstm-resources-bucket.oss.cn-north-4.inspurcloudoss.com/h5/mp3/MouthSetsHealing.mp3口腔修复新标准
https://cdstm-resources-bucket.oss.cn-north-4.inspurcloudoss.com/h5/mp3/JupiterMoonHits.mp3木星的卫星总数达到79颗
https://cdstm-resources-bucket.oss.cn-north-4.inspurcloudoss.com/h5/mp3/GreatApeDoc.mp3“好大夫”大猩猩
https://cdstm-resources-bucket.oss.cn-north-4.inspurcloudoss.com/h5/mp3/BorderWallDisruptSpecies.mp3边界墙可破坏百余物种
https://cdstm-resources-bucket.oss.cn-north-4.inspurcloudoss.com/h5/mp3/CityLifeInvertebrates.mp3小型无脊椎动物更适应城市生活
https://cdstm-resources-bucket.oss.cn-north-4.inspurcloudoss.com/h5/mp3/AstronomyToolSharks.mp3天文学工具可以帮助确定鲨鱼身份
https://cdstm-resources-bucket.oss.cn-north-4.inspurcloudoss.com/h5/mp3/PowderPullsDrinkingWater.mp3能从沙漠空气中提取饮用水的粉末
https://cdstm-resources-bucket.oss.cn-north-4.inspurcloudoss.com/h5/mp3/JupiterCracklesPolarLightning.mp3极地闪电,木星轰鸣
https://cdstm-resources-bucket.oss.cn-north-4.inspurcloudoss.com/h5/mp3/PinnipedsDontAppreciate.mp3鳍足动物不喜欢被人类打扰
https://cdstm-resources-bucket.oss.cn-north-4.inspurcloudoss.com/h5/mp3/PianoLessonsTuneUp.mp3钢琴课有助提高语言技能
https://cdstm-resources-bucket.oss.cn-north-4.inspurcloudoss.com/h5/mp3/JupiterandVenusSqueeze.mp3木星和金星挤压地球轨道
https://cdstm-resources-bucket.oss.cn-north-4.inspurcloudoss.com/h5/mp3/HuntingRulesChanged.mp3狩猎规定改变了熊妈妈的育幼行为
https://cdstm-resources-bucket.oss.cn-north-4.inspurcloudoss.com/h5/mp3/IfSingingTough.mp3唱得艰难?不如吹得轻巧
https://cdstm-resources-bucket.oss.cn-north-4.inspurcloudoss.com/h5/mp3/HippoDungFoulsUp.mp3河马粪便污染淡水渔业
https://cdstm-resources-bucket.oss.cn-north-4.inspurcloudoss.com/h5/mp3/HumansSizeOneAnother.mp3欲辨身形,可听嘶吼
https://cdstm-resources-bucket.oss.cn-north-4.inspurcloudoss.com/h5/mp3/DocsYANovelTreats.mp3医生笔下的青春小说触及生死问题
https://cdstm-resources-bucket.oss.cn-north-4.inspurcloudoss.com/h5/mp3/GoogleAIAssistant.mp3让谷歌人工智能助手完成你的“讲话任务”
https://cdstm-resources-bucket.oss.cn-north-4.inspurcloudoss.com/h5/mp3/CoralReefsKeepCostly.mp3防护海湾“昂贵”海浪的珊瑚礁
https://cdstm-resources-bucket.oss.cn-north-4.inspurcloudoss.com/h5/mp3/ComputersPredictPopChart.mp3电脑成功预测流行歌曲排行榜
https://cdstm-resources-bucket.oss.cn-north-4.inspurcloudoss.com/h5/mp3/ComputersGoHeadtoHead.mp3计算机在人脸识别上与人类抗衡
https://cdstm-resources-bucket.oss.cn-north-4.inspurcloudoss.com/h5/mp3/BirdSongImpliesCulture.mp3红雀规则:雌鸟也会唱歌
https://cdstm-resources-bucket.oss.cn-north-4.inspurcloudoss.com/h5/mp3/BirdSongImpliesCulture.mp3鸟类叫声中的文化传承
https://cdstm-resources-bucket.oss.cn-north-4.inspurcloudoss.com/h5/mp3/180321IgnitingFlu.mp3阿拉斯加白鲸在听力测试中表现优秀
https://cdstm-resources-bucket.oss.cn-north-4.inspurcloudoss.com/h5/mp3/ALitmusTestBadBreath.mp3便携式设备检测口臭
https://cdstm-resources-bucket.oss.cn-north-4.inspurcloudoss.com/h5/mp3/180321IgnitingFlu.mp3美国流感的传播依赖美国南方的寒流
https://cdstm-resources-bucket.oss.cn-north-4.inspurcloudoss.com/h5/mp3/UnderseaRecordingsRevealWhale.mp3水下录音展示一头鲸的故事
https://cdstm-resources-bucket.oss.cn-north-4.inspurcloudoss.com/h5/mp3/SomeTreesBeatHeat.mp3一些树木通过流汗来对抗炎热
https://cdstm-resources-bucket.oss.cn-north-4.inspurcloudoss.com/h5/mp3/180413BetterInternet.mp3亟待调整的互联网
https://cdstm-resources-bucket.oss.cn-north-4.inspurcloudoss.com/h5/mp3/RadarScansNorthKoreanNukes.mp3雷达扫描朝鲜核武器的详细信息
查看更多
猜你喜欢